Gettering is a process employed in materials science and engineering to reduce the presence and concentration of impurities in a material, specifically within semiconductors or metals. It involves the use of another material, known as a getter, which acts as a trap or absorber for unwanted impurities. The gettering process aims to increase the purity and overall performance of the material by effectively removing or immobilizing impurities that can degrade its properties.
In semiconductors, gettering serves to prevent the diffusion of impurities into active regions, which can negatively affect the performance of electronic devices. Gettering is typically performed by introducing a getter material into the semiconductor crystal lattice, where the impurities are then attracted to and trapped by the getter. This helps to maintain the desired level of purity and enhance the overall performance and reliability of the semiconductor device.
Similarly, in metals, gettering is employed to remove impurities that can lead to defects or degradation in mechanical properties. The getter material, often in the form of finely dispersed particles or coatings, attracts and absorbs impurities, preventing their presence in the bulk metal. This enhances the quality and durability of the metal, making it suitable for various applications.
Gettering is an essential technique used in industries such as microelectronics, photovoltaics, and metallurgical processes, where material purity and integrity are crucial for optimal functionality and performance. By effectively gettering impurities, the material can be refined, ensuring superior quality and reliability in various applications.
