Gesture languages refer to languages that are expressed through gestures and body movements. The correct spelling of this term, according to the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), is /ˈdʒɛstʃər/ /ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒɪz/. The first part of the word is pronounced as "jest-er" with a soft "g" sound, while the second part is pronounced as "lang-gwe-jiz". The term is often used to refer to sign languages used by deaf communities, such as American Sign Language (ASL) and British Sign Language (BSL).
Gesture languages are forms of communication that rely primarily on manual gestures, body movements, and facial expressions to convey meaning and express thoughts and ideas. These languages are typically used by deaf individuals or those who have difficulty hearing and/or speaking. Gesture languages utilize a combination of hand shapes, movements, positions, and facial expressions to create a comprehensive system of communication.
Unlike spoken languages, which rely on sound-based phonetics, gesture languages feature visual components that are used to represent words, concepts, and grammatical structures. For example, handshapes are used to represent individual letters or words, while movements and positions convey various aspects of grammar and sentence structure.
Gesture languages are also distinct from sign languages, as they do not have a standardized grammar or formal structure. Rather, they are often developed and adapted by small groups of people who have the need to communicate with one another. These languages tend to evolve naturally and can vary significantly from one community to another.
While gesture languages are primarily used as a means of communication within deaf communities, they can also be used in situations where spoken language may not be effective or accessible. They play a crucial role in facilitating human interaction and expression, providing a visual mode of communication that transcends language barriers.
The etymology of the word "gesture languages" can be analyzed as follows:
1. Gesture: This word originated from the Middle English term "geste" in the 14th century, which referred to a narrative or tale. Its roots can be traced back to the Old French word "geste" meaning "action" or "exploit", derived from the Latin word "gesta" meaning "deeds" or "exploits".
2. Languages: This word finds its origins in the Latin term "lingua", which meant both "tongue" and "speech". "Lingua" eventually evolved into the Old French word "langage", which was adopted into Middle English as "language" around the 13th century.
When combined, "gesture languages" refers to a form of communication that relies primarily on gestures and body movements rather than spoken or written words.