Gestural Apraxia is a motor disorder that affects a person’s ability to perform purposeful movements with their body, particularly their hands and arms. The term is spelled with the IPA /dʒɛs.tʃərəl əˈpræksi.ə/. The first part of the word, "gestural", starts with the phoneme /dʒ/, which is pronounced like the "j" in "jump". The second part of the word, "apraxia", starts with the phoneme /ə/, which is pronounced like the "uh" in "sofa". The spelling of Gestural Apraxia follows typical English spelling conventions in terms of the placement of vowels and consonants within the word.
Gestural apraxia is a neurological disorder characterized by the inability to perform purposeful and coordinated movements or gestures, despite intact motor abilities. It is a subtype of apraxia, a condition that affects the brain's ability to plan and execute appropriate motor tasks.
In gestural apraxia, individuals experience difficulty with performing complex or sequenced actions that usually involve the hands and fingers. This includes executing specific gestures, such as waving goodbye, making the peace sign, or using a pen to write. Although affected individuals may have intact strength and coordination in their limbs, they struggle with initiating or executing the precise movements required for these gestures.
Gestural apraxia is typically caused by damage or injury to the brain, particularly the areas involved in motor planning and coordination. This damage can occur as a result of strokes, brain tumors, traumatic brain injuries, or degenerative diseases like Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. As a neurological condition, gestural apraxia is not caused by muscle weakness or paralysis, making it distinct from other motor disorders.
The impacts of gestural apraxia can vary, depending on the extent and location of the brain damage. Some individuals may experience difficulty with specific gestures or actions, while others may have more generalized difficulties in executing all complex movements. Treatment options typically focus on occupational therapy, which aims to restore and improve motor skills through repetitive exercises and strategies to compensate for the deficits caused by the condition.
The word "gestural" comes from the noun "gesture" which originated from the Latin word "gestus", meaning "action" or "behavior". "Gestus" is the past participle of "gerere" which means "to bear or carry". In this context, "gesture" refers to a specific movement or expression made with the body or limbs.
The term "apraxia" has Greek origins. It derives from "a-" meaning "without" and "praxis" meaning "action" or "practice". Therefore, "apraxia" is used to describe the inability to perform voluntary movements despite having normal muscle strength and coordination.
When combined, "gestural apraxia" refers to a condition in which a person has difficulty performing purposeful and meaningful movements or gestures, even though the underlying motor abilities are intact.