Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a medical condition that occurs during pregnancy and is characterized by high blood sugar levels. It is a form of diabetes that develops specifically during gestation and typically resolves after childbirth. GDM occurs when the body is unable to produce or effectively use insulin, the hormone responsible for regulating blood sugar levels.
The exact cause of GDM is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of hormonal changes, genetics, and lifestyle factors. Pregnancy hormones can interfere with insulin's action, causing insulin resistance. This means that the body cells are less responsive to insulin, resulting in increased glucose levels in the blood.
GDM can lead to various complications for both the mother and the baby if left untreated or poorly managed. For the mother, it increases the risk of high blood pressure, preeclampsia, cesarean delivery, and the development of type 2 diabetes later in life. In terms of the baby, it can result in excessive birth weight, which can lead to complications during delivery, as well as an increased risk of developing obesity and type 2 diabetes later in life.
Managing GDM involves close monitoring of blood sugar levels, adopting a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and, in some cases, taking insulin. Healthcare professionals play a crucial role in providing education and support to women with GDM to ensure the best possible outcomes for both the mother and the baby.
