Genital modification and mutilation refer to a range of culturally-based practices that involve altering or injuring the external genitalia, primarily of females but also on occasions, males. These practices are steeped in cultural and traditional beliefs and have been performed for various reasons, including religious, social, or perceived medical purposes.
Female genital mutilation, also known as female circumcision or cutting, is one of the most prevalent forms of genital modification. It involves the partial or total removal of external female genitalia or other injuries to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. This harmful practice is typically performed on girls before they reach puberty, often without their consent, and can result in severe immediate and long-term physical, psychological, and emotional consequences.
Male genital modification and mutilation may include procedures like circumcision, which involves removing some or all of the foreskin from the penis. This practice is often carried out for religious or cultural reasons and sometimes has purported health benefits. However, it can also be performed for non-medical reasons and without consent, resulting in adverse effects.
The terms "genital modification" and "genital mutilation" are used to describe these practices in order to shed light on their potential negative implications, physical harm, violation of human rights, and promotion of gender inequality. Efforts have been made globally to raise awareness, advocate for legal measures, and provide educational programs to eliminate genital modification and mutilation, aiming to protect the health, well-being, and rights of individuals affected by these practices.
