GENETIC INTERACTION Meaning and
Definition
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Genetic interaction refers to the phenomenon in genetics where the effects of one gene or genetic variant are modified by the presence of another gene or variant. It involves the relationship, usually non-additive, between different genes or genetic factors in determining a particular trait or phenotype in an organism.
In simpler terms, genetic interaction occurs when the effects of one gene are influenced by the presence of another gene. This interaction can lead to synergistic effects, where the combined influence of the genes is greater than the sum of their individual effects, or antagonistic effects, where the presence of one gene weakens or cancels out the effects of another gene.
Genetic interactions can occur between genes located on the same chromosome (cis interactions) or genes located on different chromosomes (trans interactions). These interactions can be positive, where the genes work together to enhance or suppress a particular trait, or negative, where the genes counteract each other's effects.
Understanding genetic interactions is crucial in determining the genetic basis of complex traits and diseases, as well as in predicting the outcome of genetic manipulations or interventions. It allows researchers to unravel the complexity of genetic networks and pathways and provides insights into the underlying mechanisms of inheritance and gene expression. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of genetic interactions can have implications for personalized medicine, genetic counseling, and the development of targeted therapies.
Etymology of GENETIC INTERACTION
The word "genetic" originates from the Latin word "geneticus" which means "pertaining to generation". It is derived from the Latin verb "gignere" which means "to beget" or "to produce". "Genetic" refers to anything related to genes, heredity, or the manner in which traits are passed from one generation to another.
The word "interaction" comes from the Latin word "interactio" which means "reciprocal action" or "mutual influence". It is derived from the Latin verb "interagere" which means "to act on each other" or "to reciprocally act". "Interaction" refers to the communication or influence between two or more entities or systems.
When combined, the term "genetic interaction" refers to the reciprocal action or communication between different genes or genetic components within a biological system.
