GENETIC ENGINEER Meaning and
Definition
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Genetic engineer can be defined as a scientist or professional who applies the principles of genetic engineering to manipulate and modify the genetic material of living organisms. Genetic engineering is a branch of biotechnology that involves the deliberate alteration of an organism's DNA, typically by introducing desirable traits or eliminating undesirable traits.
A genetic engineer utilizes various techniques, such as recombinant DNA technology, to isolate, duplicate, and recombine specific genes or DNA sequences from different sources. They then introduce these manipulated DNA molecules into the target organism, leading to the expression of the desired traits encoded by the inserted genes. This process allows genetic engineers to introduce new characteristics or enhance existing ones, giving rise to organisms with desired traits or functionalities.
Genetic engineers work across various fields such as agriculture, medicine, and environmental science. In agriculture, they may develop genetically modified crops that possess improved resistance to pests, diseases, or extreme environmental conditions. In medicine, genetic engineers may design and produce therapeutic proteins or develop gene therapies to treat genetic disorders. They may also contribute to environmental science by engineering microorganisms capable of degrading pollutants or enhancing bioremediation processes.
The work of a genetic engineer often involves a combination of lab-based research, computational analysis, and ethical considerations. They must have a deep understanding of molecular biology, genetic principles, and advanced techniques to manipulate genetic material with precision and accuracy. Additionally, genetic engineers must also adhere to ethical frameworks when conducting research or manipulating the genetic makeup of organisms, considering potential risks and benefits, as well as societal, cultural, and environmental implications.
Etymology of GENETIC ENGINEER
The word "genetic engineer" is a compound noun formed by combining two separate words: "genetic" and "engineer".
1. Genetic:
The term "genetic" is derived from the Greek word "genetikos", which means "origin" or "related to birth". Later, in the 19th century, the term evolved to refer to the study of heredity and the passing on of traits from parents to offspring. It specifically stems from the French word "génétique", which was coined by the biologist and monk Gregor Mendel, known as the father of genetics.
2. Engineer:
The term "engineer" comes from the Latin word "ingeniator", which means "contriver" or "deviser". Over time, it developed to refer to a person who applies scientific and mathematical knowledge to design and build structures, machines, or systems.
