A gene delivery vector refers to a vehicle or carrier system that is specifically designed to transport foreign genetic material, such as therapeutic genes, into target cells or tissues in order to modify their functions or treat genetic disorders. This vector acts as a delivery vehicle, aiding in the transfer of genetic material to the desired destination within the body.
Gene delivery vectors can be of various types, including viral vectors and non-viral vectors. Viral vectors are typically derived from viruses that have been modified to ensure safety and reduce their ability to cause disease. They possess the ability to efficiently infect cells and deliver genetic material to the nucleus. Common examples of viral vectors used in gene therapy include retroviruses, adenoviruses, lentiviruses, and adeno-associated viruses.
Non-viral vectors, on the other hand, are typically synthetic carriers that do not possess viral components. These vectors offer advantages like reduced immunogenicity, lower risks of host immune responses, and the ability to carry larger DNA molecules. Some commonly used non-viral vectors include liposomes, nanoparticles, polymers, and naked DNA.
The successful delivery of therapeutic genes via gene delivery vectors is a crucial step in gene therapy, a field focused on treating genetic disorders by replacing, repairing, or regulating malfunctioning genes. Overall, gene delivery vectors play a pivotal role in the safe and efficient transfer of genetic material to target cells, with the aim of restoring normal cellular function and ultimately improving patient health outcomes.
