The Gelada Baboon is a species of old world monkey found in Ethiopia. The phonetic transcription for Gelada Baboon is /ɡəˈlɑːdə bəˈbuːn/. The first syllable "ge" is pronounced as "guh" with the schwa vowel in between. The second syllable "la" is pronounced as "lah" with the letter "a" pronounced as short "a". The third syllable "da" is pronounced as "duh" with the schwa vowel in between. Lastly, "baboon" is pronounced as "buh-boon" with the letter "a" pronounced as short "u".
The gelada baboon, scientifically known as Theraithelpus gelada, is a species of Old World monkey belonging to the family Cercopithecidae. It is endemic to the Ethiopian Highlands, found primarily in the grasslands, moorlands, and cliffs of Ethiopia. The gelada baboon is easily distinguishable by its unique physical features and behaviors.
Physically, gelada baboons have a robust build and distinctive appearance. They possess a large, upright mane of long hair adorning their head and neck, often compared to a lion's mane. Their body is predominantly covered in thick, shaggy fur, although the color may vary from golden to brown to black. Males typically exhibit a reddish hourglass-shaped patch of skin on their chest, which becomes brighter during reproductive periods.
These primates are highly social animals, living in troops that can consist of up to several hundred individuals. Gelada baboons are herbivorous, feeding primarily on grass, roots, and other plant material. Their unique dietary preference for grass distinguishes them from other baboon species.
Notably, gelada baboons are known for their peculiar form of communication known as "lip flipping." This behavior involves the baboons lifting their upper lip, revealing their teeth and gums while producing vocalizations. Lip flipping serves as a social signaling mechanism, often used during various social interactions and reproductive displays.
Due to their specific habitat requirements and limited geographical range, the gelada baboon faces threats such as habitat loss, predation, and disease. Conservation efforts play a crucial role in preserving this unique species and its ecological significance in the Ethiopian Highlands.
The word "Gelada" originated from the Ethiopian Semitic language, specifically from the Amharic language. In Amharic, "gelada" (ገላዳ or "gäladä") means "bleeding" or "having bleeding patches". It refers to the bare red patches of skin on the chest and neck of the male gelada baboon.
The term "baboon" comes from the French word "babouin", which was derived from the Portuguese word "babuíno". The Portuguese term likely originated from the old Spanish word "babuino" or "papuino", which referred to a grotesque figure in medieval and Renaissance European art. Ultimately, the origin of "baboon" is uncertain, but it has been used to describe various monkey and ape species since the 17th century.