Gel electrophoresis paternity test refers to a diagnostic procedure used to determine the biological relationship between a child and its potential father. This test utilizes a technique called gel electrophoresis, a method widely applied in molecular biology and forensic science to separate and analyze DNA fragments based on their size.
During a gel electrophoresis paternity test, DNA samples, usually collected from the potential father, child, and mother, are obtained and purified. The samples are then fragmented using restriction enzymes, which cut the DNA into specific segments. These fragments are labeled with fluorescent or radioactive markers to facilitate detection and visualization.
Next, the labeled DNA fragments are loaded onto a gel matrix composed of a porous material, such as agarose or polyacrylamide. An electric current is applied to the gel, causing the DNA fragments to migrate through the matrix based on their size and charge. Smaller fragments move faster and travel farther than larger ones during the process.
Once the electrophoresis is complete, the gel is stained with a dye that binds to DNA, revealing distinct bands representing the different-sized fragments. By comparing the band patterns of the potential father, child, and mother, analysts can determine if the genetic markers of the child match those of the putative father. The presence or absence of particular bands indicates the likelihood of paternity.
Gel electrophoresis paternity tests are considered highly accurate and reliable, with results presenting a statistical probability of paternity. This technology has become an instrumental tool in resolving paternity-related disputes, ensuring accurate identification of biological fathers.
