GBS stands for Guillain-Barré Syndrome, which is a rare neurological disorder that affects the peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system consists of the nerves located outside the brain and spinal cord.
In Guillain-Barré Syndrome, the immune system mistakenly attacks the nerves, leading to muscle weakness, tingling, and in severe cases, paralysis. The exact cause of GBS is not known, but it often occurs after a viral or bacterial infection such as respiratory or gastrointestinal infections.
The symptoms of GBS usually begin with weakness and tingling sensations in the legs and then spread to the arms and upper body. As the disease progresses, muscle weakness can become severe, leading to difficulty breathing, swallowing, and even complete paralysis. It is important to note that Guillain-Barré Syndrome is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention and treatment.
Diagnosis of GBS involves a combination of physical examination, medical history review, and nerve tests such as electromyography and lumbar puncture. Treatment typically involves admission to a hospital for close monitoring and supportive care. In some cases, intravenous immunoglobulin or plasma exchange therapy may be recommended to help boost the immune system and reduce inflammation.
Recovery from GBS can be slow and may take several weeks to months. Physical therapy and rehabilitation play an important role in restoring muscle strength and function. While most people with GBS recover completely, some may experience long-term complications or residual weakness.
