Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), also known as acid reflux, is a chronic condition in which the contents of the stomach, including stomach acid and partially digested food, flow back up into the esophagus. The esophagus is the tube that connects the throat to the stomach. In normal digestion, a muscle called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) acts as a barrier, preventing stomach contents from refluxing into the esophagus. However, in individuals with GERD, the LES becomes weak or relaxes, allowing stomach acid to flow upwards.
GERD is characterized by various symptoms, including heartburn, chest pain, regurgitation, difficulty swallowing, and chronic cough. These symptoms often worsen after eating, lying down, or bending over. If left untreated, GERD can lead to complications such as esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus), esophageal strictures (narrowing), respiratory problems, and Barrett's esophagus (a precancerous condition of the esophagus).
Treatment for GERD typically involves lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding trigger foods (e.g., spicy or fatty foods), maintaining a healthy weight, and elevating the head of the bed. Medications like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), H2 blockers, and antacids may also be prescribed to reduce stomach acid production or neutralize existing acid. In severe cases, surgical interventions, such as fundoplication, may be considered.
GERD is a chronic condition that requires ongoing management to control symptoms and prevent complications. Consulting a healthcare professional is recommended for an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan.
