Gastric neoplasms are a type of cancer that originates in the stomach, specifically in the cells lining its inner walls. They are characterized by the abnormal growth and proliferation of these cells, leading to the formation of a tumor or multiple tumors in the stomach. Gastric neoplasms can occur in different parts of the stomach, such as the cardia, fundus, body, and antrum.
These neoplasms can be either benign or malignant, with malignant cases being more common. Benign tumors are non-cancerous and do not invade nearby tissues or spread to other parts of the body. Malignant tumors, on the other hand, have the potential to invade nearby structures and metastasize to other organs through the bloodstream or lymphatic system.
The signs and symptoms of gastric neoplasms can vary depending on the size, location, and stage of the tumor. Common symptoms include unexplained weight loss, abdominal pain, difficulty swallowing, nausea, vomiting, bloating, and blood in the stool or vomit.
Risk factors for gastric neoplasms include chronic gastritis, infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria, a family history of stomach cancer, smoking, a diet high in salt and smoked foods, and certain genetic conditions.
Treatment options for gastric neoplasms depend on various factors, such as the type and stage of the tumor, as well as the overall health of the patient. They may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Early detection and treatment are crucial for a better prognosis and increased chances of survival. Regular screenings, such as upper endoscopy, are recommended for individuals at high risk.
