Gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV), also known as bloat or twisted stomach, is a life-threatening medical condition that primarily affects large and giant breed dogs. It is characterized by the rapid and excessive accumulation of gas and fluid in the stomach, which results in the stomach rotating or twisting on its long axis.
In GDV, the accumulation of gas and fluid causes the stomach to distend and become dilated. This distension can create pressure on nearby organs and blood vessels, leading to various complications. Moreover, the twisting of the stomach can obstruct the passage of food, gas, and fluid, further exacerbating the condition.
GDV often occurs spontaneously, and the exact cause is not fully understood. However, it is believed to be influenced by multiple factors, including breed predisposition, genetics, anatomy, diet, and activity level. Dogs with a deep chest and narrow waist, such as Great Danes and German Shepherds, are more susceptible to GDV.
Symptoms of GDV may include restlessness, abdominal pain, a distended abdomen, retching without producing vomit, excessive salivation, pale gums, and a rapid heart rate. If left untreated, GDV can rapidly progress and lead to shock, organ damage, and even death.
Immediate veterinary intervention is crucial in the management of GDV. Treatment typically involves stabilizing the dog's condition through medical intervention, relieving the stomach of its accumulated contents through a tube or surgery, and surgically correcting the stomach torsion to prevent recurrence.
Prevention of GDV primarily revolves around reducing the risk factors associated with the condition. This can involve avoiding excessive exercise or physical activity after meals, feeding smaller frequent meals instead of large meals, using elevated feeding bowls, and potentially considering prophylactic surgery
