Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia (GAVE) is a medical condition characterized by abnormal blood vessel growth in the lining of the stomach known as the gastric antrum. It is commonly referred to as watermelon stomach due to the distinctive appearance of the dilated blood vessels resembling the stripes on a watermelon.
The exact cause of GAVE is not fully understood, but it is believed to be associated with chronic conditions such as cirrhosis of the liver, autoimmune diseases, and systemic sclerosis. GAVE may also be found in individuals without any underlying diseases. It predominantly affects middle-aged to older adults, with women being more commonly affected than men.
Clinically, GAVE can lead to chronic gastrointestinal bleeding, resulting in symptoms such as melena (black, tarry stools) and anemia. Some patients may also experience abdominal pain and bloating. Diagnosis is usually made through an endoscopy, where a narrow tube with a camera is inserted into the stomach to visualize the dilated blood vessels.
Treatment for GAVE aims to control the bleeding and alleviate symptoms. This may be achieved through various methods, including laser coagulation, argon plasma coagulation, or electrocautery. Iron replacement therapy or blood transfusions may also be necessary to treat anemia. In severe cases where bleeding persists, surgical intervention such as gastric resection may be required.
While GAVE is a chronic condition, with proper management, symptoms can be controlled and quality of life can be improved. Regular follow-up with a gastroenterologist is essential to monitor the condition and adjust treatment as needed.
