Gasping disease, also referred to as gasp syndrome, is a respiratory condition characterized by the sudden onset of breathing difficulties, particularly in infants under the age of six months. The disease is primarily caused by an infection with the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), although other respiratory viruses such as adenovirus and parainfluenza virus have also been implicated. Gasping disease tends to be more prevalent during the winter months.
Symptoms of gasping disease include rapid and shallow breathing, wheezing, coughing, and a distinctive gasping sound during inhalation. Affected infants may also exhibit signs of respiratory distress including nasal flaring, grunting, and chest retractions. In severe cases, blue discoloration of the lips and skin (cyanosis) may occur, indicating a lack of adequate oxygen supply.
Gasping disease is highly contagious and can spread through droplets containing the virus from an infected person's cough or sneeze. It primarily affects infants and young children due to their underdeveloped immune systems. While most cases of gasping disease resolve without treatment, young infants, especially those born prematurely or with underlying health conditions, are more susceptible to complications such as pneumonia and bronchiolitis.
Prevention strategies for gasping disease include regular handwashing, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, and maintaining good respiratory hygiene practices such as covering the mouth and nose while coughing or sneezing. In some cases, a palivizumab vaccine may be recommended for high-risk infants to reduce the severity of the disease. Treatments for gasping disease focus on managing symptoms, ensuring adequate hydration, and providing respiratory support if necessary.
