The Ganges dolphin, also known as the South Asian river dolphin or Platanista gangetica, is a freshwater dolphin species found in the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna and Karnaphuli-Sangu river systems in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan. The word "Ganges dolphin" is spelled /ˈɡændʒɪz ˈdɒlfɪn/, with a hard "g" sound in "Ganges" (/ˈɡændʒɪz/) and a short "o" sound in "dolphin" (/ˈdɒlfɪn/). This species is an important indicator of the health of its river ecosystems and is currently listed as endangered due to habitat loss and pollution.
The Ganges dolphin, also known as the Gangetic dolphin or susu, is a specific species of freshwater dolphin native to the rivers of the Indian subcontinent. Scientifically referred to as Platanista gangetica, it is classified under the family Platanistidae. These dolphins are primarily found in the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers of India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and surrounding regions.
Characterized by a long, slender body, the Ganges dolphin can grow up to 2.6 meters in length and weigh around 150 kilograms. It exhibits a unique physical appearance with a pronounced beak-like snout and thick, smooth skin that lacks hair. Its dorsal fin is relatively large and triangular in shape.
The Ganges dolphin's existence dates back millions of years, making it one of the oldest surviving freshwater dolphins. With limited vision due to its small, bead-like eyes, it relies primarily on echolocation to navigate in its murky habitat and locate prey. Feeding mainly on fish, the dolphin has sharp, conical teeth suited for grasping and tearing prey.
Despite its historical significance and cultural value, the Ganges dolphin faces numerous threats, such as habitat degradation, pollution, and accidental entanglement in fishing nets. As a result, it has been listed as endangered by various international conservation organizations. Conserving and protecting the Ganges dolphin is of utmost importance to maintain biodiversity and preserve the ecological balance of the rivers it inhabits.
The word "Ganges dolphin" originates from the combination of two key elements:
1. Ganges: The term "Ganges" refers to the Ganges River, which is one of the major rivers in the Indian subcontinent. The river holds great significance in the culture, spirituality, and history of India, and it is considered sacred by Hindus. The Ganges River is home to a diverse range of animal and plant species, including the Ganges river dolphin.
2. Dolphin: The term "dolphin" originates from the ancient Greek word "delphís", meaning "fish with a womb". Dolphins are highly intelligent marine mammals belonging to the family Delphinidae. The word "dolphin" is widely used to describe various species of aquatic mammals.
Therefore, the term "Ganges dolphin" refers to a specific species of river dolphin found in the Ganges River.