Galaxy formation refers to the process through which galaxies, the large-scale organized structures of stars, gas, and dust, originate and develop in the universe. It involves the growth and assembly of cosmic structures through various physical mechanisms. The formation of galaxies is believed to have occurred within the framework of the Big Bang theory, which postulates that the universe began as a hot, dense, and uniformly distributed state approximately 13.8 billion years ago.
The process of galaxy formation can be described as a hierarchical buildup, wherein small structures, known as protogalactic clouds, merge and accrete matter from their surroundings. As these clouds collapse under the influence of gravity, they form stars and eventually develop into galaxies. The specific details of this process, such as the role of dark matter, are still being studied and understood by astronomers.
Galaxy evolution refers to the changes that occur in galaxies over time, including their structure, properties, and composition. Evolutionary processes can alter the morphology, activity level, and stellar populations within a galaxy. These processes may include interactions between galaxies, such as mergers and interactions with surrounding gas, and the effects of internal processes like star formation and supernova explosions.
By studying galaxy formation and evolution, scientists aim to unravel the mysteries of how galaxies originated, how they have evolved through cosmic history, and how various physical mechanisms shape their properties. The understanding of these processes is crucial in comprehending the overall evolution of the universe and the distribution of matter within it.
