Galactometer is a term used in the field of dairy science to measure the specific gravity of milk. The word is spelled with a hard "g" followed by "alacto", which is derived from the Latin word "lac" meaning milk. The next syllable "me" is pronounced with a short "e" sound followed by "ter", which signifies an instrument for measuring. So, in total, the word is pronounced as /ɡəˌlæktoʊˈmɛtər/ with the stress on the third syllable.
Galactometer is a scientific instrument used for measuring or analyzing the properties of milk or its constituents. Specifically, it is employed to determine the fat content in milk samples. The device operates based on the principle of centrifugal force.
Typically, a galactometer consists of a rotor, which is a rotating arm that holds the milk sample, and a graduated tube or scale for measuring the volume of fat separated by the centrifugal force. After placing a milk sample in the rotor, it is spun at a high speed. As a result, the fat present in the milk separates from the other components and rises to the top of the graduated tube.
The graduated tube is calibrated in a specific unit, often percentage, to measure the percentage of fat in the milk. By reading the corresponding value on the scale, one can accurately quantify the fat content in the milk sample. Galactometers can vary in design and complexity, from manual hand-cranked devices to automated systems with digital readouts or interfacing capabilities.
In addition to determining milk fat content, galactometers may also be used to measure other parameters such as protein content or specific gravity. These instruments play a fundamental role in quality control during milk production processes, as well as in research and development within the dairy industry.
A form of hydrometer for determining the specific gravity of milk as an indication of its richness; lactometer.
A practical medical dictionary. By Stedman, Thomas Lathrop. Published 1920.
An instr. for ascertaining the quality of milk; a lactometer.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
The word "galactometer" is derived from two roots: "galacto", which comes from the Greek word γάλα (gala) meaning "milk", and "meter", which comes from the Greek word μέτρον (metron) meaning "measure". Therefore, "galactometer" essentially means a device or instrument for measuring milk.