GABAA RECEPTOR Meaning and
Definition
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The GABA(A) receptor, often referred to as the GABA(A)R, is a specific type of neurotransmitter receptor found in the central nervous system (CNS) of animals. It is primarily responsible for mediating the inhibitory actions of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. The receptor is part of the ligand-gated ion channel family, meaning that it consists of multiple protein subunits arranged to form a pore, which can open or close in response to the binding of specific ligands.
The GABA(A) receptor is composed of five subunits that can vary in their type and combination, giving rise to a variety of receptor subtypes with distinct properties. Upon binding of GABA to the receptor, the ion channel part of the receptor opens, allowing the flow of chloride ions into the neuron. This influx of negative ions hyperpolarizes the neuron, leading to an overall inhibitory effect on neuronal activity.
The activation of GABA(A) receptors plays a crucial role in regulating the excitability of the brain and maintaining a balance between inhibitory and excitatory signals. Dysfunction of these receptors has been implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, epilepsy, and insomnia. Consequently, the GABA(A) receptor is an important target for many drugs used in the treatment of these conditions, including benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and certain anesthetics. Understanding the function and modulation of the GABA(A) receptor has significant implications for the development of therapeutics targeting disorders of the central nervous system.
Etymology of GABAA RECEPTOR
The term "GABAA receptor" is derived from its components: GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) and A (alpha).
GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, involved in regulating brain activity. It is responsible for reducing the excitability of neurons.
The A in GABAA receptor refers to the type of receptor it is. GABAA receptors are a type of receptor protein located on the surface of neurons. These receptors are ion channels that open when GABA molecules bind to them, allowing the flow of chloride ions into the neuron, which inhibits its activity.
Therefore, the term "GABAA receptor" represents a receptor that responds to the neurotransmitter GABA and is an important target for various drugs used in medical treatments.
