The word "froghopper", referring to a type of insect, is spelled with a silent "h". The IPA phonetic transcription for this word is /ˈfrɒɡ.hɒpə(r)/. The first syllable contains the sound /frɒɡ/, representing the phoneme /ɒ/ which is typically pronounced with an open back rounded vowel. The second syllable contains the sound /hɒp/, representing the phoneme /ɒ/ again, but this time with an aspirated /h/ sound before it. The final syllable is pronounced with a schwa sound, as represented by the phoneme /ə(r)/.
A froghopper refers to a small insect belonging to the family Cercopidae, commonly found in gardens, grasslands, and woodlands. It is also known by various names, such as spittlebug or cuckoo spit insect. On average, a froghopper measures about 6-10 millimeters in length, though some species can grow up to 15 millimeters. Their distinctive hopping ability, resembling that of a frog, lends them their name.
These insects have a compact, stout body with large hind legs that enable them to jump incredible distances when threatened or disturbed. Their wings are typically transparent or brownish and rest flat on their back when not flying. One unique characteristic of froghoppers is the frothy, spittle-like substance called "cuckoo spit" or "frog spit" that encases the nymphs. This froth is secreted by the nymph as a protective layer to shield them from predators and temperature fluctuations.
Froghoppers primarily feed on plant sap using their piercing mouthparts, which can sometimes cause damage to crops. They are known to undergo incomplete metamorphosis, transforming from eggs to nymphs and eventually adult insects. While the nymphs closely resemble the adults, they lack wings and are usually found hidden in the spittle masses on plants.
Froghoppers play a significant role in their ecosystems as they serve as a food source for other insects, birds, and even spiders. Despite their small size, these insects are fascinating to observe due to their remarkable jumping ability and the curious spittle masses they create.
The word "froghopper" is composed of two parts: "frog" and "hopper". Here's the breakdown of their etymology:
1. Frog: The word "frog" is derived from the Old English word "frosc" or "frogga", which is related to Old High German "frosk" and Middle Dutch "vorsc". These words ultimately stem from the Proto-Germanic word "fruska-", and have connections to various other Germanic languages such as Old Norse "froskur" and Gothic "froska".
2. Hopper: The word "hopper" originates from the Middle English word "hoppen", which means "to hop". It is also related to the Old English word "hoppian" and the Old Norse word "hoppa".