Francis Peyton Rous was an American pathologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1966. The IPA phonetic transcription of his name is /frænsɪs peɪtn rʌs/. The first syllable /frænsɪs/ is pronounced with the stressed vowel sound of /æ/, followed by the unstressed /ɪ/ and /s/ sounds. The second and third syllables /peɪtn/ and /rʌs/ are pronounced with the stressed /eɪ/ and /ʌ/ vowel sounds respectively. Understanding the IPA phonetic transcription can help pronounce names and words accurately.
Francis Peyton Rous (1879-1970) was an American pathologist and virologist who made significant contributions in the field of cancer research. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1966 for his groundbreaking discovery of tumor-inducing viruses, also known as oncogenic viruses.
Rous's research focused on investigating the causes of cancer and its connection to viruses. In 1910, he conducted experiments on chickens, where he observed that injection of cell-free filtrates from chicken tumors into healthy chickens led to the formation of tumors in the inoculated birds. These findings established the existence of cancer-causing viruses and revolutionized the understanding of cancer development.
Rous's work laid the foundation for viral oncology, a field dedicated to studying the link between viruses and cancer. His research paved the way for identifying numerous oncogenic viruses, including the human papillomavirus (HPV) and the hepatitis B virus. These discoveries have been instrumental in the development of vaccines and treatments for cancer caused by viral infections.
Aside from his groundbreaking research on tumor-inducing viruses, Rous also contributed to the field of immunology. He conducted studies on pneumonia, influenza, and other infectious diseases, helping to advance knowledge in these areas.
Francis Peyton Rous left an indelible mark on the field of medical research. His discoveries and scientific methods continue to be influential, shaping the understanding of viral-induced cancers and paving the way for innovative approaches in cancer prevention and treatment.