Frambesias, also known as Pian bois or Bouba, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pertenue. It primarily affects the skin, bones, and soft tissues, resulting in the development of distinct raised lesions known as gummatous ulcers. The disease is commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, particularly in Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Americas.
Frambesias typically start as painless skin nodules that gradually evolve into ulcerated, raspberry-like growths, hence the name "Frambesias" derived from the French word 'framboise,' meaning raspberry. The lesions often appear on the extremities, such as the hands, feet, and legs. Over time, these ulcers can lead to tissue destruction, causing deformities, scarring, and disability if left untreated.
The primary mode of transmission of Frambesias is through direct contact with the fluid from the lesions of infected individuals, typically through breaks in the skin. The disease is more common in children, adolescents, and young adults who engage in close physical contact or share personal items with infected individuals.
Antibiotics, such as penicillin, are the mainstay of treatment for Frambesias, effectively eliminating the bacteria and halting the progression of the disease. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications and reduce the risk of transmission. Additionally, maintaining good personal hygiene, avoiding contact with infected individuals, and promoting health education in endemic areas are important preventive measures.
