The word Foxing is spelled /ˈfɑk.sɪŋ/. The IPA phonetic transcription shows that the first syllable of the word is pronounced "fahk," with a long "a" sound. The second syllable is pronounced "sing," with a short "i" sound. Foxing refers to the age-related deterioration or discoloration of paper or other materials. It can appear as yellow-brown spots or stains caused by a fungus or oxidation. Proper storage and handling can help prevent foxing from occurring.
Foxing is a term primarily used in the context of books and paper materials to describe the process of discoloration and age-related deterioration that occurs, resulting in the appearance of brownish or yellowish spots or stains. These markings are typically caused by the growth of fungal spores, although other factors such as humidity, exposure to air pollution, and the presence of metal impurities in the paper can also contribute to the development of foxing.
The term "foxing" derives from the reddish-brown coloration resembling the fur of a fox that characterizes these stains. Foxing can appear on various paper-based materials, such as books, documents, prints, photographs, and artwork, posing a significant challenge for preservation and conservation.
Beyond its visual impact, foxing is often associated with deterioration, as it can weaken the affected paper and lead to brittleness, discoloration, and degradation of the ink or pigments. The prevention, treatment, and removal of foxing marks involve a variety of specialized techniques employed by conservators, including deacidification, washing, bleaching, and the use of various chemical agents to inhibit fungal growth.
Overall, the presence of foxing is considered undesirable due to its potential to compromise the aesthetic and structural integrity of paper-based materials. Preservation efforts aim to minimize or reverse this process to maintain the original appearance and prolong the lifespan of valuable documents, books, and artistic works.
The word foxing is believed to have originated from the noun fox. Foxing was first recorded in the late 18th century and was primarily used to describe the reddish-brown color of a fox's fur or the reddish hue it could add to something. Over time, the term was adopted in various contexts, with one notable usage being in the book trade.
In the bookbinding and preservation industry, foxing refers to the brown or reddish-brown spots or stains that can appear on the pages of books, particularly older ones. These spots are caused by the growth of mold or fungal spores, as well as the oxidation of iron present in the paper. This type of discoloration was likened to the reddish-brown color of a fox, thus leading to the term foxing.