Foreshortening is a term used in art to describe the technique of depicting an object closer to the viewer in a diminished size. This word is spelled as /fɔrˈʃɔrtnɪŋ/, with the stress on the second syllable. The word is derived from the combination of 'fore-' meaning 'in front of' and '-shortening', which refers to the act of making an object appear shorter than its actual size. It is an essential technique for creating the illusion of depth and three-dimensionality in 2D art.
Foreshortening refers to a technique employed in the field of art, particularly in the visual representation of objects or figures, to create the illusion of depth and a sense of perspective in a two-dimensional space. It is a method of representing objects or parts of objects that appear to be compressed or shortened when viewed from a particular angle or distance.
When an artist uses foreshortening, they typically manipulate the proportions and positioning of objects or elements within a composition to emphasize the illusion of depth. This technique is commonly employed in drawings, paintings, and sculptures.
Foreshortening relies on the principles of perspective, understanding that objects appear smaller as they recede into the distance. By exaggerating this effect, an artist can create the illusion of objects appearing closer or farther away, enhancing the overall spatial relationships within a piece of artwork.
The effectiveness of foreshortening relies on the artist's ability to understand and accurately portray the way objects appear when viewed from a specific angle or distance. It requires a keen understanding of anatomy, as well as mastery of techniques such as scaling, converging lines, and overlapping forms.
By skillfully implementing foreshortening, an artist can add visual interest, depth, and a sense of realism to their work, creating a captivating and dynamic composition that engages the viewer's eye.
In painting, the art of diminishing the entire length of an object when viewed obliquely.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
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The word "foreshortening" is derived from the Middle English term "foreshortnen", which combines the prefix "fore-" meaning "in front of" or "before", and the verb "shorten" meaning "to make shorter". This Middle English term originated from the Old English word "scortian" and the Proto-Germanic word "skurtijaną", both of which convey the same meaning of shortening or making something shorter. The term "foreshortening" was first used in the artistic sense to describe the technique of depicting an object or figure as if it were compressed or receding into the distance, visually shortening its length or depth.