A fomite is an inanimate object or surface that can harbor and transmit infectious agents to individuals who come into contact with it. It acts as a vehicle for the transmission of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi, from one person or environment to another. Fomites can be diverse items commonly found in daily life, including doorknobs, keyboards, cell phones, clothing, furniture, toys, medical equipment, and kitchen utensils.
The transfer of pathogens from fomites can occur through direct contact, such as touching a contaminated surface and then touching the face or mouth, or indirectly, where the pathogen is transferred via an intermediary object or person. The viability of microorganisms on fomites may vary depending on several factors, including the type of organism, environmental conditions, and the surface material.
Fomites play a crucial role in the spread of many infectious diseases, including the common cold, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), norovirus, and the current COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, practicing proper hygiene, such as regular handwashing, disinfection of commonly touched surfaces, and avoiding close contact with individuals displaying symptoms, is crucial in minimizing the transmission of pathogens through fomites.
Public health measures, including education and awareness campaigns, have emphasized the importance of understanding fomite transmission and adopting preventive measures to curb the spread of diseases.
