Folic acid deficiency, also known as folate deficiency, is a medical condition characterized by insufficient levels of folic acid in the body. Folic acid, also referred to as folate, is a B-vitamin that is critical for the production and maintenance of new cells, especially red blood cells. It plays a vital role in several important processes such as DNA synthesis, gene expression, and amino acid metabolism.
A deficiency in folic acid can occur due to various reasons, including poor dietary intake, malabsorption issues, excessive alcohol consumption, certain medications, and increased demands during pregnancy or due to certain medical conditions.
The symptoms of folic acid deficiency can vary in severity and may include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, irritability, poor concentration, mouth sores, and a swollen tongue. In pregnant women, it can lead to neural tube defects in the fetus, which can affect the brain and spinal cord development.
Folic acid deficiency can be diagnosed through blood tests that measure the levels of folic acid in the body. Treatment usually involves supplementation with folic acid tablets or injections to replenish the insufficient levels. In cases where the deficiency is caused by an underlying medical condition, addressing the underlying cause may be necessary.
Prevention of folic acid deficiency involves maintaining a balanced diet rich in folate-containing foods such as green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, legumes, and fortified grains. It is also recommended for women of childbearing age to take folic acid supplements to prevent neural tube defects during pregnancy.
