FLAME TEST Meaning and
Definition
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Flame test refers to a qualitative analytical technique used in chemistry to identify and analyze the presence of specific elements in a compound or substance. This method involves exposing a sample of the substance to a flame, typically a hot Bunsen burner flame, and observing the color produced.
The principle behind the flame test is based on the fact that when the atoms of certain elements are excited by heat, they absorb energy and then release it in the form of light. Different elements have characteristic emission spectra, resulting in distinct colors being emitted when they are heated. By subjecting a substance to a flame, the presence of specific elements can be determined by observing the color of the flame.
In a flame test, a small sample of the substance is usually dissolved in a suitable solvent, such as water or hydrochloric acid, and then applied to a nichrome wire loop or a wooden splint. The wire or splint is then introduced into the flame, and the color observed is compared to a known standard or reference for identification. Since each element emits a unique color, it allows for the identification of elements present in the sample.
Flame tests are commonly used in both qualitative and educational settings to identify elements such as alkali metals (e.g., sodium and potassium), alkaline earth metals (e.g., calcium and strontium), various transition metals, and other metal ions. This technique enables the rapid and straightforward identification of elements, contributing to the field of chemical analysis.
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Etymology of FLAME TEST
The term "flame test" originates from the combination of the words "flame" and "test".
- "Flame" is derived from the Old English word "flamme", which comes from the West Germanic word "flammō". This word is believed to have descended from the Proto-Germanic word "flammon", which means "to blaze or burn".
- "Test" has Latin roots and is derived from the Latin word "testum", which refers to an earthen vessel or pot.
Therefore, the term "flame test" essentially describes the process of testing substances using a flame or fire.
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