Fixed pupil refers to a medical condition characterized by the inability of the pupil to constrict or dilate in response to changes in light or other stimuli. The pupil is the circular opening in the center of the iris which controls the amount of light entering the eye. This condition can occur as a result of various underlying causes, such as damage to the nerves or muscles controlling the pupil, trauma to the eye, certain medications, or neurological disorders.
In a normal functioning eye, the size of the pupil adjusts automatically to regulate the amount of light that enters, ensuring that the optimum amount of light reaches the retina for clear vision. However, in cases of fixed pupil, the dilation and constriction reflexes are impaired, resulting in a permanently enlarged or contracted pupil.
A fixed dilated pupil, also known as mydriasis, appears as a consistently dilated state, whereas a fixed constricted pupil, known as miosis, appears as a consistently contracted state. Both conditions can be indicative of an underlying medical issue and should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
If fixed pupils are accompanied by other concerning symptoms, such as vision problems, eye pain, headache, or changes in consciousness, immediate medical attention should be sought, as it could be a sign of a serious condition, such as an ocular or neurological emergency. Treatment for fixed pupil depends on the underlying cause and may include medication, surgery, or other interventions aimed at addressing the specific issue.
