The first stage of labor refers to the initial phase of childbirth, which involves the onset of regular contractions and the cervical dilation and effacement necessary for the baby to pass through the birth canal. It is commonly divided into three phases: early, active, and transition.
During the early phase, also known as latent labor, contractions become progressively longer, stronger, and more frequent. The cervix begins to thin out and dilate to around 3 centimeters. The mother may experience discomfort and mild pain during this phase, but it is often manageable. This stage can last for several hours or even days, and it is common for the woman to feel excited and eager.
The active phase is where labor intensifies, with contractions becoming stronger, closer together, and lasting for a longer duration. The cervix continues to dilate from about 4 to 7 centimeters. The pain becomes more intense, and the mother may have a harder time coping with it. This phase typically lasts between 3 to 5 hours for first-time mothers but may be shorter for subsequent pregnancies.
Transition is the final phase of the first stage of labor, characterized by the most intense contractions and rapid cervical dilation, usually from 8 to 10 centimeters. This phase is relatively short, lasting around 30 minutes to 2 hours. The mother experiences strong contractions, intense pressure, and may feel nauseous or shaky. The transition phase signifies the imminent arrival of the pushing phase and the baby's impending birth.
Overall, the first stage of labor encompasses the early, active, and transition phases, involving the initial onset of contractions, cervical changes, and the progression towards full cervical dilation. It is an essential and challenging phase for a woman in the process of giving birth.
