FIPV, an acronym for Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus, refers to a highly contagious and often fatal viral disease that affects domestic cats and some wild feline species. FIPV is a member of the coronavirus family and is primarily caused by the mutation of the feline enteric coronavirus (FECV).
FIPV is characterized by its ability to cause persistent and progressive inflammation in various organs of the affected cat, leading to a systemic disease known as Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP). The virus primarily targets the macrophages (a type of white blood cell) in the cat's body, leading to immune dysfunction and the inflammatory response that characterizes FIP.
Symptoms of FIP can vary widely, ranging from mild, non-specific signs such as weight loss, fever, and lethargy, to more severe presentations, like fluid accumulation in the abdomen or chest, jaundice, neurologic abnormalities, and organ failure. Ultimately, FIP is classified into two main forms: the wet or effusive form, characterized by fluid buildup in body cavities, and the dry or non-effusive form, which affects tissues and organs without noticeable fluid accumulation.
Currently, no effective treatment for FIPV exists, making this disease one of the most challenging and frustrating conditions for veterinarians and cat owners alike. Experimental drugs and supportive care are often employed to alleviate symptoms and prolong the cat's life, but they do not cure the infection.
To prevent the spread of FIPV and protect cats, measures such as quarantine, hygiene, vaccination against FECV, and responsible breeding practices are essential.
