Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) refers to a family of proteins that play a critical role in promoting cell growth, tissue repair, and development in multicellular organisms. These proteins are secreted by various cell types, including fibroblasts, which are connective tissue cells involved in the synthesis and maintenance of the extracellular matrix.
FGFs are typically small, signaling molecules that bind to specific receptors on the surface of target cells, thereby initiating a cascade of intracellular events that trigger cellular responses. They are involved in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival, making them vital for embryonic development, wound healing, angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels), and tissue regeneration.
The FGF family consists of several closely related members, such as FGF-1 to FGF-23, each with distinct functions and expression patterns. For example, FGF-2 is primarily known for its mitogenic properties, stimulating cell division and proliferation, while FGF-7 promotes the growth and maintenance of epithelial tissues.
The dysregulation of FGF signaling pathways has been associated with various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and developmental disorders. In cancer, aberrant FGF signaling can drive tumor growth and metastasis, making FGFs and their receptors potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
The discovery and understanding of fibroblast growth factors have not only expanded our knowledge of cell biology and development but have also paved the way for the development of potential therapeutic approaches aimed at modulating FGF activity for the treatment of various diseases and tissue repair.
