Fibrates are a class of medications commonly used to treat abnormal levels of lipids (fats) in the blood, particularly high levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. They are primarily prescribed to individuals with dyslipidemia, a condition characterized by imbalanced levels of lipids, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes.
Fibrates exert their therapeutic effects by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha), a specific receptor involved in regulating lipid metabolism. By activating PPAR-alpha, fibrates can enhance the breakdown of triglycerides, stimulate the elimination of LDL cholesterol, and increase the production of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, commonly known as "good" cholesterol.
These medications are available in different formulations, including tablets and capsules, and are typically taken orally. Fibrates are absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and reach peak concentrations in the blood within a few hours. They are mainly metabolized by the liver and excreted through bile and urine.
In addition to their lipid-lowering effects, fibrates have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic properties, which may further contribute to their cardiovascular benefits. However, like any medication, fibrates have potential side effects such as gastrointestinal disturbances, muscle pain, and liver abnormalities. Therefore, individuals taking fibrates should be closely monitored by healthcare professionals to ensure the optimal effectiveness and safety of treatment.
