Pronunciation: [fˈɛtəd] (IPA) 
The word "fettered" is spelled with two consonants at the beginning, "f" and "t," both of which are unvoiced. The vowel in the first syllable is pronounced as "ɛ," similar to the "e" in "bed." The second syllable has a schwa sound, as in "uh." The final syllable, "ed," is pronounced as "d" only if the preceding consonant is voiced, otherwise it is pronounced as "t." Therefore, "fettered" is pronounced as "ˈfɛtərd."
Fettered is an adjective that describes a condition of being bound or shackled, both literally and figuratively. Literally, it refers to a person or animal being physically confined, usually with iron chains or restraints, limiting their ability to move freely. In this sense, fettered implies a state of restriction and imprisonment. It can also convey a sense of powerlessness and captivity.
Figuratively, fettered refers to a condition where someone's actions or thoughts are constrained or limited by external factors. This can refer to restrictions imposed by laws, regulations, or societal norms that hinder one's freedom or expression. It can also describe a state of being mentally or emotionally confined by doubts, fears, or insecurities. In this context, fettered suggests a lack of autonomy or agency, as one's potential or aspirations are hindered or restrained.
The term fettered often implies a sense of frustration, as it signifies the inhibition of one's abilities, desires, or potential. It is associated with a sense of being restrained, confined, or held back from progress or growth. The concept of fettered can be used in various domains, including politics, society, economics, and personal growth, to describe situations where freedom or advancement is hindered or limited.
The word "fettered" derived from the Old English word "feter" or "fetor", which referred to a chain, shackle, or restraint used to bind someone's feet. This Old English term can be traced back to the Proto-Germanic word "*feturą". Furthermore, the Proto-Germanic word was influenced by the Proto-Indo-European root "*ped-" which meant "foot". Over time, "fetor" evolved into "fether", and eventually, in the 17th century, it became "fettered" in its present form.
