Feline T Lymphotropic Virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus that infects domestic cats, often leading to various health complications and diseases. It is classified as a member of the Retroviridae family and is closely related to the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV). FeLV primarily targets the immune system, specifically the T-lymphocytes, which play a crucial role in the body's defense against infections.
The virus is transmitted through direct contact with an infected cat, most commonly through bite wounds, mutual grooming, or transmission from an infected mother to her unborn kittens. FeLV infection can also occur through contact with contaminated objects such as food bowls or litter boxes.
Upon infection, FeLV can lead to various clinical manifestations. Cats infected with the virus may experience immunosuppression, leaving them more susceptible to a range of opportunistic infections. FeLV-infected cats also have an increased risk of developing certain types of cancers, such as lymphoma and leukemia. Additionally, the virus can cause anemia, weight loss, lethargy, reproductive issues, and other symptoms.
Diagnosis of FeLV can be performed through blood tests that detect the presence of viral antigens or antibodies. Unfortunately, there is no cure for FeLV, but treatment mainly focuses on managing specific symptoms and maintaining a cat's overall well-being.
Prevention of FeLV primarily involves vaccination, avoiding exposure to infected cats, and promptly isolating infected cats from healthy ones. Regular veterinary check-ups and testing for FeLV can help in early detection and appropriate management of the virus.
