Febris undulans, also known as "undulant fever," is a medical condition characterized by recurring bouts of fever that rise and fall in a waving or undulating pattern. The term "undulant" refers to the wavelike nature of the fever, which typically lasts for several weeks to months and is accompanied by other symptoms.
This condition is primarily caused by the infection of a bacterium called Brucella, which is commonly found in animals such as goats, sheep, and cattle. Humans can contract the disease through direct contact with infected animals or by consuming raw or unpasteurized dairy products. The bacteria enter the body through the respiratory system or the digestive tract, eventually spreading to the blood, lymph nodes, and other organs.
Febris undulans presents with symptoms such as recurring fever, chills, sweating, general malaise, muscle and joint pain, fatigue, and weight loss. The severity and duration of the symptoms may vary among individuals. In some cases, the disease can become chronic and lead to complications affecting various organs, including the heart, liver, and bones.
Diagnosis of febris undulans usually involves blood tests to detect the presence of the Brucella bacteria or the antibodies produced in response to the infection. Treatment typically involves a combination of antibiotics, such as doxycycline or rifampin, over an extended period to eradicate the bacteria from the body. In severe cases or when complications arise, additional measures may be required.
Prevention of febris undulans involves practicing good hygiene, avoiding contact with infected animals, and consuming properly cooked or pasteurized food products. Vaccines are also available to protect those at high risk, such as veterinarians and farmers.
