Febris paramelitensis, also known as Malta fever or Mediterranean fever, is a bacterial infection caused by the organism Brucella melitensis. This disease primarily affects domestic animals, particularly goats and sheep, but can also be transmitted to humans through direct contact with infected animals or consumption of contaminated animal products such as unpasteurized milk or cheese. The bacteria can enter the body through mucous membranes, broken skin, or by inhalation.
The symptoms of febris paramelitensis typically develop within 1 to 3 weeks after exposure to the bacteria. Initial signs include fever, chills, fatigue, and excessive sweating. As the infection progresses, individuals may experience headache, joint and muscle pain, loss of appetite, weight loss, and in severe cases, complications such as pneumonia, neurologic symptoms, or infection of organs like the liver or spleen.
Due to its nonspecific symptoms, febris paramelitensis can be challenging to diagnose. Blood tests are commonly used to detect the presence of Brucella antibodies or the bacteria itself. It is essential to differentiate this infection from other similar conditions, such as typhoid fever or tuberculosis.
Treatment for febris paramelitensis usually involves a combination of antibiotics, such as doxycycline and rifampin, for an extended period ranging from several weeks to months. Additionally, supportive care measures may be implemented to alleviate symptoms and promote recovery.
Prevention of febris paramelitensis revolves around practicing good hygiene, such as regular handwashing, avoiding consumption of unpasteurized dairy products, and taking precautions when handling animals or their products.
