Fc epsilon receptors, also known as Fcε receptors, are a type of cell surface receptors primarily found on the surface of immune cells such as mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, and certain types of white blood cells called monocytes. These receptors play a crucial role in the immune response by binding to a fragment of an antibody known as Fc region, which is found on the constant region of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies.
Fc epsilon receptors facilitate the recognition and binding of IgE antibodies, which are involved in various allergic and immune responses. When the Fc region of IgE antibodies interacts with these receptors, it triggers a cascade of cellular events resulting in the release of chemical mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes, and cytokines. These mediators are responsible for the characteristic symptoms of allergic reactions, including swelling, itching, and inflammation.
There are two main types of Fc epsilon receptors, known as FcεRI and FcεRII. FcεRI, also referred to as the high-affinity receptor, is mainly expressed on the surface of mast cells and basophils. FcεRII, or the low-affinity receptor, is found on monocytes, eosinophils, and other immune cells.
Understanding the function and regulation of Fc epsilon receptors is essential in unraveling the mechanisms of allergic diseases and developing targeted therapies for conditions such as asthma, eczema, and allergic rhinitis.
