The word "Favel" is a Brazilian term used to refer to the slums or shantytowns that are prevalent in many of the country's major cities. The spelling of the word is interesting, as it includes the letter "v" instead of the more common "f", which is used in many other Portuguese words. The correct pronunciation of "Favel" is /fəˈvɛl/, with the stress falling on the second syllable. This unique spelling is likely the result of the word's origins in Brazilian Portuguese dialects.
A favela is a term primarily used in Brazil to describe a shantytown or an impoverished settlement, typically located in urban areas. The word "favela" is believed to have originated from the name of a hill in Rio de Janeiro, which was occupied by soldiers after the Canudos War in the late 19th century. These soldiers, referred to as "favelados," were displaced and sought shelter in makeshift huts, giving birth to what would eventually become the favela.
Favelas are characterized by their inadequate living conditions, lack of basic infrastructure, and high population density. Primarily inhabited by economically disadvantaged individuals, these communities often face issues such as poverty, unemployment, crime, and limited access to education, healthcare, and public services. Housing in favelas is typically built using salvaged materials such as scrap metal, plywood, or tarpaulins, resulting in precarious structures.
Despite the challenging circumstances, favelas are known for their strong sense of community and resilience. Residents often form social networks and support systems to address their shared needs and challenges. Additionally, favelas have vibrant cultural identities, with music, dance, and art playing a significant role in these communities.
Efforts to improve the living conditions in favelas have been made over the years, with initiatives aiming to provide better housing, infrastructure, and social services. However, the challenge of eradicating favelas entirely remains due to various socioeconomic factors and the complex nature of their existence within larger urban areas.
The etymology of the word "favel" is uncertain and some sources suggest different origins. It is commonly believed that the term "favel" originated from the Praia de Favela, a region in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This area was named after a Brazilian plant called "favela" (Cnidoscolus quercifolius), which is abundant in the region. The plant has thorny branches and is characterized by its ability to grow in poor soil conditions, much like the communities that later developed in the area. Over time, the name Praia de Favela was shortened to favela, and it became synonymous with impoverished settlements in Brazil.
Another theory proposes that the term "favel" derives from the Portuguese word "favella" or "habella", which means small village or slum.