Far Eastern Russian encephalitis (also known as Far Eastern encephalitis or Russian spring-summer encephalitis) is a severe viral disease caused by the Far Eastern subtype of the Russian encephalitis virus (TBEV-FE), which belongs to the Flaviviridae family. It is primarily transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes, particularly those of the Aedes and Hyalomma species.
This disease primarily affects humans and other mammals, causing inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). It is predominantly found in the Far Eastern regions of Russia, such as Siberia, the Russian Far East, and parts of Mongolia and China. The virus has a significant impact on human health, with a mortality rate ranging from 20% to 40%.
The symptoms of Far Eastern Russian encephalitis typically start with fever, headache, fatigue, and muscle aches. As the disease progresses, more severe symptoms can manifest, including neck stiffness, coma, paralysis, and potentially fatal complications. The virus particularly affects the central nervous system, leading to neurological damage.
Prevention and control measures for Far Eastern Russian encephalitis primarily involve vaccination, using inactivated virus vaccines. Vaccination is highly recommended for individuals residing or traveling to endemic areas, as there is no specific antiviral treatment available. Mosquito control measures, such as using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and eliminating mosquito breeding grounds, are also crucial preventive measures.
Overall, Far Eastern Russian encephalitis is a significant public health concern in the affected regions, prompting efforts for vaccination and mosquito control to reduce the burden of this potentially life-threatening disease.
