The Family Tabanidae belongs to the order Diptera, commonly known as the horsefly family. It is a diverse group of biting flies that are primarily known for their large size, robust bodies, and strong mouthparts for blood-feeding. The family Tabanidae includes over 4,500 species distributed worldwide, typically found in terrestrial habitats such as forests, grasslands, and wetlands.
Members of the family Tabanidae are characterized by their large compound eyes, short antennae, and stout bodies covered with bristly hairs. They are known for their remarkable flying ability and can be quite agile in pursuit of their prey. These flies are notorious for their painful bites, as the females require blood meals to develop eggs.
Though mainly associated with livestock and wild animals, Tabanidae species can also bite humans, causing discomfort, itching, and sometimes even allergic reactions. Due to their painful bites and potential transmission of diseases, they are considered pests to both domestic animals and humans.
Tabanids are seasonally active and are most abundant during the warmer months. They are attracted to hosts by visual cues, body heat, and exhaled carbon dioxide. While some species feed on nectar and pollen, female Tabanidae flies are known to be hematophagous, seeking vertebrate blood to complete their reproductive cycle.
In summary, the family Tabanidae comprises a diverse group of biting flies with large size, robust bodies, and a painful biting mechanism. They are widely distributed, blood-feeding insects that pose a nuisance and potential health risk to both animals and humans.
