Family Meliaceae is a taxonomical family of flowering plants that belongs to the order Sapindales. It is commonly referred to as the mahogany family and is comprised of approximately 53 genera and over 600 species. The name is derived from the type genus Melia, which refers to a genus of tropical and subtropical trees commonly known as the mahogany tree.
Plants in the Family Meliaceae are predominantly found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, with the highest diversity in Southeast Asia and Australia. They are typically woody plants, ranging from small shrubs to tall trees, and exhibit a wide variety of growth forms. The leaves are usually alternate, pinnately compound, and possess simple or glandular stipules.
Flowers of the Family Meliaceae are generally small and bisexual, arranged in various inflorescence types including panicles, racemes, or cymes. They are typically actinomorphic, with five sepals, five petals, and numerous stamens. The ovary is positioned superior, composed of two to five fused carpels, and develops into a fruit containing seeds.
Many plants in this family are economically important due to their timber, medicinal, and insecticidal properties. The wood of some species, particularly members of the Swietenia and Khaya genera, is highly valued for its attractive appearance and durability, making it a sought-after material for furniture, cabinetry, and musical instruments. Additionally, several plants in the meliaceae family are used in traditional medicine for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties.
Overall, Family Meliaceae represents a diverse group of plants with significant cultural, ecological, and economic importance.
