Family Caviidae is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized rodents that belongs to the order Rodentia. This family encompasses a diverse group of species commonly known as cavies or guinea pigs. Members of the Family Caviidae are native to South America, specifically the Andes region, where they inhabit grasslands, shrublands, and forests.
These rodents are characterized by their compact and stout bodies, short limbs, and rounded heads with small eyes and ears. Their fur can exhibit various colors and patterns, ranging from solid black or brown to spotted or agouti. The dental formula of Family Caviidae consists of two upper and lower incisors and premolars and molars that are adapted for grinding vegetation.
Family Caviidae is herbivorous, feeding primarily on grasses, leaves, fruits, and other plant material. They have a relatively simple stomach in comparison to other rodents, but possess an enlarged cecum for digesting cellulose. Additionally, they are hindgut fermenters, relying on symbiotic bacteria within their large intestines to break down complex carbohydrates.
These animals are highly social and typically live in small groups consisting of one or more males, several females, and their offspring. They communicate through a repertoire of vocalizations, including whistling, purring, and chattering. Cavies are also notable for their ability to reproduce rapidly, with females having short pregnancies lasting around 2 months and giving birth to litters of multiple young.
Family Caviidae has captivated many individuals due to their docile and sociable nature, making them popular pets and subjects of scientific research. They have contributed to our understanding of genetics, immunology, and behavior, among other fields. Furthermore, they have historically played
