Exudative dermatitis of swine, also known as greasy pig disease or exudative epidermitis, is a contagious skin condition that affects young piglets. It is characterized by the presence of exudate, a fluid that oozes out from the skin lesions, leading to greasy and oily skin appearance.
This dermatitis is caused by a bacterial infection, primarily Staphylococcus hyicus, which typically spreads through direct contact between affected and healthy piglets or through contaminated materials. The bacteria invade the skin, resulting in a localized infection and subsequent inflammation. The disease is common in intensive pig farming systems, where overcrowding and poor hygiene can facilitate its spread.
Clinical signs of exudative dermatitis of swine include the formation of papules, pustules, and crusts primarily on the face, ears, neck, and back of piglets. These lesions cause discomfort and itchiness, leading to rubbing and scratching of affected areas. As a result, the skin becomes eroded, raw, and greasy due to the excessive secretion of sebum and exudate.
To control and prevent this condition, good hygiene practices such as regular cleaning and disinfection of pig pens, maintaining appropriate temperature and humidity levels, and reducing overcrowding are essential. Antibiotic treatment, both topical and systemic, may be necessary to combat the bacterial infection. Vaccines have also been developed to prevent exudative dermatitis, but their efficacy can vary.
Exudative dermatitis of swine can have significant economic consequences in pig production due to reduced growth rates, increased piglet mortality, and the need for medical interventions. Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial to minimize the disease's impact on pig populations.
