Extremely High Frequency (EHF) refers to a range of radio frequencies that fall within the electromagnetic spectrum. It is characterized by wavelengths ranging from 1 millimeter (mm) to 10 millimeters (mm), corresponding to frequencies between 30 gigahertz (GHz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). EHF is also commonly known as the millimeter wave spectrum.
EHF signals possess several distinct properties due to their short wavelengths and high frequencies. One notable feature is their ability to carry a substantial amount of information. This makes the EHF spectrum highly suitable for high-capacity data transmission, enabling applications such as wireless communications, satellite links, and radar systems.
While EHF signals offer abundant bandwidth, they have a relatively limited propagation range and experience high attenuation when encountering various obstacles, including buildings, trees, and even rainfall. Consequently, EHF technologies typically operate over relatively short distances, often within a line of sight between the transmitting and receiving points. To overcome these challenges, technologies such as beamforming and advanced antenna arrays are utilized to improve signal strength, directionality, and reliability.
EHF frequencies find applications in various domains, including telecommunications, astronomy, military radar systems, weather forecasting, and medical imaging. The advancement of EHF technology has also paved the way for emerging applications such as 5G networks, which are capable of delivering unprecedented data speeds and supporting the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem.
