Extramedullary spinal cord compression refers to a medical condition in which the spinal cord is compressed by a mass or tumor located outside of the actual spinal cord. The spinal cord is a vital component of the central nervous system, responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body. When an extramedullary mass or tumor grows adjacent to the spinal cord, it can exert pressure on the spinal cord, leading to various neurological deficits and symptoms.
This condition can be caused by different factors, such as metastatic cancer spreading to the spine, spinal meningiomas (benign tumors originating in the meninges), or schwannomas (tumors arising from the covering of peripheral nerves). As the tumor or mass grows, it can compress the spinal cord, leading to symptoms such as pain, numbness, weakness, difficulty walking or maintaining balance, and loss of bowel or bladder control. In severe cases, it can result in paralysis or permanent damage to the spinal cord.
Extramedullary spinal cord compression is typically diagnosed through various imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), or X-rays. Treatment options for this condition depend on the underlying cause and severity but commonly include surgical intervention to remove the tumor or mass, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy for cancer-related causes.
Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management of extramedullary spinal cord compression are crucial to prevent further neurological deterioration and improve the patient's overall quality of life.
