The spelling of the word "externalist" is relatively straightforward when using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The first syllable is pronounced as "ɪksˈtɜːnəl", with the "k-" and "-t" consonant sounds emphasised. The second syllable is pronounced "ɪst", with the "s" sound followed by a "t" sound. Overall, the word represents the idea of an individual who places emphasis on external factors over internal factors, often in the context of philosophy or psychology. Its spelling is consistent with other words using the "-ist" suffix to denote an adherent to a particular viewpoint or ideology.
Externalist refers to a philosophical perspective or stance that posits that knowledge, justification, or mental states are reliant on factors that are external to the individual's mind or cognitive processes. It is often contrasted with internalism, which asserts that such elements are purely determined by the individual's own experiences, thoughts, or mental states.
In epistemological discourse, an externalist view argues that knowledge is not solely dependent on subjective factors within an individual's mind, such as beliefs or experiences, but rather depends on external factors that are beyond direct conscious access. These external factors may include the environment, sensory inputs, or social interactions. For example, according to externalist theories, an individual may possess knowledge about the world by relying on reliable indicators, changes in perception, or information acquired through collective knowledge.
In terms of mental states, externalism postulates that the content or meaning of mental states is determined by the individual's external environment or relationships with others. It suggests that an individual's mental states do not solely originate from internal processes but are influenced by external factors, such as cultural norms, social context, or language.
Overall, externalism represents a perspective that emphasizes the significance of external factors or influences in shaping knowledge, justification, or mental states. It challenges the notion of purely internal or self-contained determinants and highlights the role of external conditions in understanding the mind, beliefs, and reasoning processes.
The term "externalist" is derived from the word "external", which comes from the Latin word "externus", meaning "outward". In English, "external" generally refers to something happening or existing outside of a particular thing or system. The suffix "-ist" is added to create the noun form, and it denotes a person who adheres to or advocates a particular belief or philosophy. Therefore, "externalist" refers to someone who holds an externalist viewpoint or follows the principles of externalism.