External iliac lymph nodes are a group of lymph nodes located in the pelvis in close proximity to the external iliac artery. Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that form part of the lymphatic system, which is responsible for filtering and transporting lymph fluid throughout the body.
The external iliac lymph nodes are specifically found along the course of the external iliac artery, which is a major blood vessel supplying the lower limbs. These nodes receive lymphatic drainage from various parts of the lower body, including the lower abdomen, pelvis, genitalia, perineum, and lower extremities.
These lymph nodes play a crucial role in the immune response of the body. They filter the lymph fluid, removing foreign substances such as bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells. They also contain immune cells, including lymphocytes, which help eradicate these foreign particles and produce antibodies to fight infections.
In certain medical conditions, such as cancer, these lymph nodes may become enlarged or may contain cancerous cells. Physicians may perform a procedure called lymph node dissection or lymphadenectomy to remove these nodes for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. This may involve removing all or a specific group of external iliac lymph nodes to assess the spread of cancer or to remove cancerous cells in an attempt to prevent further spread.
Overall, the external iliac lymph nodes are essential components of the lymphatic system, contributing to the body's immune response and playing a crucial role in the drainage of lymphatic fluid from the lower body.
