EXPRESSION CLONING Meaning and
Definition
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Expression cloning is a technique used in molecular biology and genetics to identify and isolate genes that encode specific proteins of interest. It involves creating a cDNA library that contains the genetic material from an organism, and then screening this library to identify clones that express the desired protein.
The process begins by isolating mRNA from cells or tissues that produce the protein of interest. mRNA is then converted into complementary DNA (cDNA) using the enzyme reverse transcriptase. This cDNA is then ligated into a cloning vector, such as a plasmid, to create a cDNA library.
To identify clones that express the desired protein, the cDNA library is introduced into host cells that do not naturally produce the protein. These host cells are often cultured and subjected to specific conditions that induce the expression of the protein. By screening the library, researchers can identify clones that result in protein expression.
Various methods can be used to screen the library, including functional assays, enzyme activity assays, or antibody-based assays. Once the clones expressing the desired protein are identified, their cDNA can be sequenced and isolated for further study.
Expression cloning has been a pivotal technique in identifying novel genes and proteins, particularly those that are difficult to isolate using other methods. It has been widely used in fields such as biotechnology, pharmaceutical research, and medical genetics to discover new targets for drug development and gain insights into disease mechanisms.
Common Misspellings for EXPRESSION CLONING
- wxpression cloning
- sxpression cloning
- dxpression cloning
- rxpression cloning
- 4xpression cloning
- 3xpression cloning
- ezpression cloning
- ecpression cloning
- edpression cloning
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Etymology of EXPRESSION CLONING
The etymology of the term "expression cloning" can be understood by examining the individual words that make up the phrase:
1. Expression: Comes from the Latin word "expressio" which means "a pressing out". In this context, it refers to the process of expressing or producing a specific gene or protein in a host organism.
2. Cloning: Derives from the Greek word "klōn" which translates to "twig" or "slender branch". It pertains to the creation of genetically identical copies or duplicates. In molecular biology, cloning refers to the process of replicating or copying a gene of interest.
Thus, when combined, "expression cloning" refers to a technique in molecular biology that involves the identification and cloning of a gene by utilizing its expression in a host cell or organism.
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