Exocardia is a medical term used to describe a condition in which the heart is located primarily or partially outside the chest cavity. This rare congenital anomaly is characterized by the abnormal positioning of the heart, leading it to be situated either completely or partially outside the thoracic cavity. Exocardia is often accompanied by other cardiac malformations and may be associated with various genetic disorders.
Typically, the heart is situated within the thorax and protected by the rib cage. However, in cases of exocardia, the heart may be positioned in different locations such as the neck, abdomen, or even outside the body. This abnormal placement of the heart can result in various complications and functional limitations, including impaired blood circulation, poor cardiac output, and susceptibility to trauma or injury.
Diagnosis of exocardia is usually made prenatally during routine ultrasound examinations or shortly after birth. It requires thorough evaluation by medical professionals, including imaging studies, to determine the extent of the abnormality and the associated complications.
Treatment of exocardia depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of other associated congenital anomalies. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to reposition the heart within the chest cavity or correct any other associated malformations.
Overall, exocardia is a rare and complex cardiac abnormality that significantly impacts the function and position of the heart, requiring specialized medical attention for proper diagnosis, management, and treatment.
